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Postmodern literature
Postmodern literature is literature characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator; and often is (though not exclusively) defined as a style or a trend which emerged in the post–World War II era. Postmodern works are seen as a response against dogmatic following of Enlightenment thinking and Modernist approaches to literature.〔Felluga, D. (n.d.). General Introduction to Postmodernism. College of Liberal Arts : Purdue University. Retrieved August 16, 2013, from http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/postmodernism/modules/introduction.html〕
Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, tends to resist definition or classification as a "movement". Indeed, the convergence of postmodern literature with various modes of critical theory, particularly reader-response and deconstructionist approaches, and the subversions of the implicit contract between author, text and reader by which its works are often characterised, have led to pre-modern fictions such as Cervantes' Don Quixote (1605,1615) and Laurence Sterne's eighteenth-century satire Tristram Shandy being retrospectively considered by some as early examples of postmodern literature.〔Graf, E.C. (2007) ''Cervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on Don Quijote''. Rosemount Publishing, p. 22.〕〔McCaffery, L. (1986) ''Postmodern Fiction: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide''. Greenwood Press, p. xv.〕
While there is little consensus on the precise characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature, as is often the case with artistic movements, postmodern literature is commonly defined in relation to a precursor. For example, a postmodern literary work tends not to conclude with the neatly tied-up ending as is often found in modernist literature (Woolf, Joyce, Faulkner), but often parodies it. Postmodern authors tend to celebrate chance over craft, and further employ metafiction to undermine the writer's authority. Another characteristic of postmodern literature is the questioning of distinctions between high and low culture through the use of pastiche, the combination of subjects and genres not previously deemed fit for literature.
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